Professor Ann E. Hajek
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Ann Hajek
Cornell University
Department of Entomology
6126 Comstock Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-2601
Phone: (607) 254-4902 Lab: (607) 254-4992
E-mail: aeh4@cornell.edu
Link to Current Research, Lab Members, & Joining the Lab: Hajek Lab
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RESEARCH:
Emphasis in my program is on pathogens of invertebrates, predominantly focusing on interactions between pathogens and their insect hosts. My interests are broad, ranging from systematics to population genetics, immune responses, basic biologies of pathogens, interactions between hosts and pathogens and epizootiology.
I have worked extensively with a fungal pathogen first seen in North America that has been providing natural control of gypsy moth, a major pest of northeastern forests for over 100 years. While this Japanese pathogen,
Entomophaga maimaiga, is not always providing complete control everywhere, it has been maintaining many gypsy moth populations in central New York at low densities since it was first reported in North America. In other areas, infrequent outbreaks for shorter periods have occurred. At present, our studies are focusing on spatial and temporal variability in activity of
E. maimaiga and the reasons behind low levels of activity in localized areas. Among our other studies on this system, host specificity studies in the laboratory and field have shown that this pathogen provides an excellent example of successful biological control without non-target effects. We have also studied the population genetics of this fungus as well as spore dormancy, the latter toward potential development of this fungus as a biological control product.
Our studies with Asian longhorned beetle have been directed toward use of an entomopathogenic fungus for control of this invasive from China. We have been developing a novel application method that provides a means for applying insect pathogenic fungi that remain viable for several months, something previously unheard of. Recent studies have demonstrated decreased fecundity in females before death and the fact that placing fungal bands around trees leads to low levels of environmental contamination both from beetles walking across them and from abiotic conditions.
A newer project in the laboratory involves studies of fungal symbionts of the new invasive woodwasp
Sirex noctilio. Additional studies in the lab include: the changes in behavior of fungal-infected insects, the effect of density on susceptibility of caterpillars to virus, and dispersal of gypsy moth pathogens. Throughout all of these projects, we strive to learn new information about insect pathogens and their relations to hosts that also answer basic and conceptual questions in the ecology of infectious disease.
COURSES TAUGHT:
Entom 2020: Invasions: Trading Species in a Shrinking World (Spring semesters)
(a course about invasive species that non-majors can use to satisfy general biology requirements)
The purpose of this course is for students to learn about the biology and ecology of invasions by plants, animals and microbes. We will discuss the expanding problems caused by invasive species and how invasions are prevented, mitigated and managed. These topics are grounded in biology; however, they have social, economic and philosophical implications. Invasive species impact agriculture, forestry, natural systems and human health. Local, national and international examples of invaders in diverse systems will be included in investigations of invasive species.
Entom 4630: Invertebrate Pathology (Fall semesters, every other year; even-numbered years)
Lectures present principles of pathology as applied to invertebrates. Topics explored include noninfectious and infectious diseases of insects and other invertebrates that are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes; the epizootiology of insect diseases; and use of pathogens for insect control. Laboratories include a diversity of pathogens and hosts, using techniques such as microinjection, electrophoresis, immunoassay, density gradient centrifugation, soil extraction, and computer simulation.
Entom 6900: Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease (Spring semesters)
This is a graduate level discussion of the ecology, epidemiology, genetics and evolution of infectious disease in animal and plant systems. The format consists of weekly discussion of research papers published in the primary scientific literature. Participation in discussion and presentation of at least one paper required for course credit. Graduate students with interests in infectious disease from all disciplines are invited to participate in this class.
PUBLISHED BOOKS:
Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods.
Hajek, A. E., T. R. Glare and M. O'Callaghan (editors). 2009. Springer, Dordrecht, NL. 366 pp.
Price
Catalogue of Introductions of pathogens and nematodes for classical biological control of insects and mites.
Hajek, A. E., M. L. McManus and I. Delalibera Jr. 2005. USDA, Forest Service, FHTET-2005-05. 59 pp.
Download
Natural Enemies: An Introduction to Biological Control.
Hajek, A. E. 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 378 pp.
Price
Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides.
Hokkanen, H.M.T., and A.E. Hajek (editors). 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL. 269 pp.
Price
FULL LIST OF PUBLICATIONS:
178. Ugine, T.A., Gardescu, S., Lewis, P.A., Hajek, A.E. 2012. Efficacy of imidacloprid, trunk injected into Acer platanoides, for control of adult Asian longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 105: 2015-2028.
177. Hajek, A. E., Plymale, R.C., Reilly, J.R. 2012. Comparing two methods for quantifying soil-borne Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 111: 193-195.
176. Yu, Q., Hajek, A., Bergoin, M., Tijssen, P. 2012. Papilio polyxenes densovirus has an iteravirus-like genome organization. J. Virol. (Genome Announcement). 86: 9534-9535.
175. Tobin, P.C., Hajek A.E. 2012. Release, establishment, and initial spread of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in island populations of Lymantria dispar. Biol. Control 63: 31-39.
174. Morris, E.E., Jimenez, A., Long, S.J., Williams, D.W., Hajek, A.E. 2012. Variability in growth of Deladenus siricidicola on strains of the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum. BioControl 57: 677-686. [DOI 10.1007/s10526-012-9447-1]
173. Hajek, A.E., Papierok, B., Eilenberg, J. 2012. Methods for study of the Entomophthorales, pp. 285-316. In (L. Lacey, ed.) Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam. [Invited book chapter]
172. Reilly, J.R., Hajek, A.E. 2012. Prey processing by avian predators increases virus transmission in the gypsy moth. Oikos 121: 1311-1316. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19752.x].
171. Kereselidze, M., Pilarska, D., Hajek, A., Jensen, A.B., Linde, A. 2011. First record of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) in Georgia. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 21: 1375-1380.
170. Ugine, T., Gardescu, S., Hajek, A.E. 2011. The effect of exposure to imidacloprid on Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) survival and reproduction. J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 1942-1949.
169. Reilly, J.R., Hajek, A.E. 2011 (online). Prey processing by avian predators increases virus transmission in the gypsy moth. Oikos [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19752.x].
168. Peng, F., Gardescu, S., Hajek, A.E. 2011. Transmission of Metarhizium brunneum conidia between male and female Anoplophora glabripennis adults. BioControl 56:771-780.
167. Hajek, A.E., Tobin, P.C. 2011. Introduced pathogens follow the invasion front of a spreading alien host. J. Anim. Ecol. 80: 1217-1226.
166. Hajek, A.E. 2011. Book review of Insect Pathogens: Molecular Approaches and Techniques, published in 2009 by CABI International. Quart. Rev. Biol. 86: 230.
165. Russell, C., Ugine, T.A., Hajek A.E. 2010. Interactions between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 105: 305-311.
164. Faria, M., Hotchkiss, J.H., Hajek, A.E., Wraight, S.P. 2010. Debilitation in conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and implication with respect to viability determinations and mycopesticide quality assessments. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 105: 74-83.
163. Hajek, A.E., Plymale, R.C. 2010. Variability in azygospore production among Entomophaga maimaiga isolates. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 104: 157-159.
162. Nielsen, C., A. A. Agrawal, A. E. Hajek. 2010. Ants defend aphids against lethal disease. Biol. Lett. 6:205-208.
161. Hajek, A.E., Tobin, P.C. 2010. Micro-managing arthropod invasions: Eradication and control of invasive arthropods with microbes. Biol. Invasions 12: 2895-2912.
160. Meyling, N.V., Hajek A.E. 2010. Principles from community and metapopulation ecology: application to fungal entomopathogens. BioControl 55:39-54.
159. Hajek, A.E., Delalibera Jr., I. 2010. Fungal pathogens as classical biological control agents against arthropods. BioControl 55:147-158.
158. Siegert, N.W., D.G. McCullough, A.E. Hajek, J.A. Andresen. 2008 (actually published in fall 2009). Effect of microclimatic conditions on primary transmission of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in Michigan. Grt. Lks. Entomol. 41: 111-128.
157. Nielsen, C., Williams, D. W., Hajek, A.E. 2009. Putative source of the invasive Sirex noctilio fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, in the eastern United States and its association with native siricid woodwasps. Mycol. Res. 113: 1242-1253.
156. Faria, M., A. E. Hajek, S. P. Wraight. 2009. Differential tolerance to imbibitional damage in conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae,and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. Biol. Control 51: 346-354.
155. Siegert, N.W., D.G. McCullough, R.C. Venette, A.E. Hajek, J.A. Andresen. 2009. Assessing the climatic potential for epizootics of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in the North Central United States. Can. J. For. Res. 39: 1958-1970.
154. Shanley, R.P., J. Leland, M. Keena, M.M. Wheeler, A.E. Hajek. 2009. Evaluating the virulence and longevity of non-woven fiber bands impregnated with Metarhizium anisopliae against the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biol. Control 50: 94-102.
153. Long, S.J., D.W. Williams, A.E. Hajek. 2009. Sirex species (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasitoids in Pinus sylvestris in eastern North America. Can. Entomol. 141: 153-157.
152. Hu, J., Angeli, S., Schuetz, S., Luo, Y., Hajek, A.E. 2009. Ecology and management of exotic and endemic Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis. Agric. For. Entomol. 11: 359-375.
151. Hajek, A.E. 2009. Invasive arthropods and approaches for their microbial control, pp. 3-15. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.
150. Hajek, A.E., P.C. Tobin. 2009. North American eradications of Asian and European gypsy moth, pp. 71-89. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.
149. Hajek, A.E., L.S. Bauer. 2009. Use of entomopathogens against invasive wood boring beetles in North America, pp. 159-179. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.
148. Solter, L.F., A.E. Hajek. 2009. Control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in North America since 1878, pp. 181-212. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.
147. Glare, T.R., M. O’Callaghan, A.E. Hajek. 2009. Considerations for the practical use of pathogens for control and eradication of arthropod invasive pests, pp. 331-349. In: A.E. Hajek, T.R. Glare & M. O’Callaghan (eds.) Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL.
146. Hajek, A. E., T. R. Glare and M. O’Callaghan (editors). 2009. Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods. Springer, Dordrecht, NL. 366 pp.
145. Wraight, S.P. and A.E. Hajek. 2009. Use of arthropod pathogens for integrated pest management, pp. 131-150. In: E.B. Radcliffe, W.D. Hutchison & R.E. Cancelado (eds.) Integrated Pest Management: Concepts, Tactics, Strategies and Case Studies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
144. Hajek, A.E., A. Burke, C. Nielsen, J.J. Hannam, L.S. Bauer. 2008. Effects of cold storage and isolate on germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores without dormancy. Mycologia 100: 833-842.
143. Shanley, R.P., A.E. Hajek. 2008. Environmental contamination with Metarhizium anisopliae from fungal bands for control of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 18: 109-120.
142. Hannam, J.J., J.K. Liebherr, A.E. Hajek. 2008. Climbing behavior and aphid predation by Agonum muelleri (Carabidae). Can. Entomol. 140: 203-207.
141. Hajek, A.E., J. Lund, M.T. Smith. 2008. Reduction in fitness of female Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) infected with Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 98: 198-205.
140. Dubois, T., J. Lund, L.S. Bauer, A.E. Hajek. 2008. Virulence of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi infecting Anoplophora glabripennis. BioControl 53: 517-528.
139. Reilly, J.R., A.E. Hajek. 2008. Density-dependent resistance of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar to its nucleopolyhedrovirus, and the consequences for population dynamics. Oecologia 154: 691-701.
138. Hajek, A.E., J.J. Hannam, C. Nielsen, A.J. Bell, J.K. Liebherr. 2007. Distribution and abundance of Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations in central New York. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 100: 876-886.
137. Hajek, A.E., D.M. Kalb. 2007. Suitability of Acer saccharum and Acer pensylvanicum for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Can. Entomol. 139: 751-755.
136. Filotas, M.F., A.E. Hajek. 2007. Variability in thermal responses among Furia gastropachae isolates from different geographic origins. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 96: 109-117.
135. Castrillo, L.A., L. Thomsen, P. Juneja, A.E. Hajek. 2007. Detection and quantification of Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores in forest soil using real-time PCR. Mycol. Res. 111: 324-331.
134. Hajek, A.E., M. L. McManus, I. Delalibera Junior. 2007. A review of introductions of pathogens and nematodes for classical biological control of insects and mites. Biol. Control 41: 1-13.
133. Hajek, A.E., T. Dubois, J. Lund, M. Smith, L. Bauer, and Z. Li. 2007. Developing fungal bands for control of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, in the U.S. J. Anhui Agric. Univ. 34: 149-156. [Invited review].
132. Hajek, A.E., and L. S. Bauer. 2007.Microbial control of wood-boring insects attacking forest and shade trees, pp. 505-525. In (L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, Eds.) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, 2nd edn. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. [Invited review].
131. Hajek, A.E., I. Delalibera Jr., and M.L. McManus. 2007. Introduction of exotic pathogens and documentation of their establishment and impact, pp. 299-325. In (L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, Eds.) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, 2nd edn. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. [Invited review].
130. Hajek, A.E., and M.S. Goettel. 2007. Guidelines for evaluating effects of entomopathogens on non-target organisms, pp. 815-833. In (L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, Eds.) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. [Invited review].
129. Hajek, A. E., J. R. Fuxa, and Y. Kunimi. 2007. Microorganisms associated with soil arthropods, pp. 769-780. In C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, J. L. Garland, D. A. Lipson, A. L. Mills, and L. D. Stetzenbach (ed.), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. [Invited review].
128. Hajek, A.E. 2007. Asian longhorned beetle: Ecology and control, pp. 21-24. In (D. Pimentel, Ed.) Encyclopedia of Pest Management, Vol. II. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL [Invited review].
127. Hajek, A.E. 2007. Classical biological control of gypsy moth: Introduction of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga into North America, pp. 53-62. In (C. Vincent, M. Goettel, G. Lazarovits, Eds.) Biological Control: International Case Studies. CABI Publ., UK [Invited review].
126. Delalibera Junior, I., C. G. B. Demetrio, B. F. J. Manly, and A. E. Hajek. 2006. Effect of relative humidity and origin of isolates of Neozygites tanajoae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on production of conidia from cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoae (Acari: Tetranychidae) cadavers. Biol. Control 39: 489-496.
125. Filotas, M. J., J. D. Vandenberg, and A. E. Hajek. 2006. Concentration-response and temperature-related susceptibility of the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). Biol. Control 39: 218-224.
124. Nielsen, C., and A.E. Hajek. 2006. Diurnal pattern of death and sporulation of Entomophaga maimaiga-infected Lymantria dispar. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 118: 237-243.
123. Hajek, A.E., B. Huang, T. Dubois, M. T. Smith, and Z. Li. 2006. Field studies of control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) using fiber bands containing the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria brongniartii. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 16: 329-343.
122. Roy, H.E., D.C. Steinkraus, J. Eilenberg, A.E. Hajek, and J.K. Pell. 2006. Bizarre interactions and endgames: Entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51: 331-357.
121. Nielsen, C., M. Keena, A.E. Hajek. 2005. Virulence and fitness of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in its host Lymantria dispar, for pathogen and host strains originating from Asia, Europe and North America. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 89: 232-242.
120. Nielsen, C., and A.E. Hajek. 2005. Control of invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations by existing natural enemies in New York State. Environ. Entomol. 34: 1036-1047.
119. Nielsen, C., M.G. Milgroom, A.E. Hajek. 2005. Genetic diversity in the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga from founder populations in North America and source populations in Asia. Mycol. Res. 109: 941-950.
118. Hajek, A.E., J.S. Strazanac, M.M. Wheeler, L. Butler. 2005. Chapter 5: Entomophaga maimaiga studies, pp. 45-49. In (J.S. Strazanac & L. Butler, Eds.) Long-term Evaluation of the Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Gypsy Moth Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus Product Gypchek, and Entomophaga maimaiga on Nontarget organisms in Mixed Broadleaf-Pine Forests in the Central Appalacians. U.S.D.A., Forest Service, FHTET-2004-14. 81 pp.
117. Hajek, A.E. 2005. Ecology and Control of Introduced Plants (2003) by J.H. Myers & D.R. Bazely. Amer. Entomol. 51:184.
116. Hajek, A. E., M. L. McManus and I. Delalibera Junior. 2005. Catalogue of Introductions of pathogens and nematodes for classical biological control of insects and mites. USDA, For. Serv. FHTET-2005-05. 59 pp.
115. Hajek, A.E. 2004. Natural Enemies: An Introduction to Biological Control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK [single-authored textbook]. 378 pp.
114. Hajek, A.E., R.T. Curtiss, J.K. Liebherr. 2004. Characters differentiating male from female Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 106: 928-931.
113. Filotas, M. J., and A. E. Hajek. 2004. Influence of temperature and moisture on infection of forest tent caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) by the entomopathogenic fungus Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). Environ. Entomol. 33: 1127-1136.
112. Delalibera Jr., I. & A.E. Hajek. 2004. Pathogenicity and specificity of isolates of Neozygites tanajoae and Neozygites floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) pathogenic to the cassava green mite. Biol. Contr. 30: 608-616.
111. Dubois, T., Z. Li, H. Jiafu, and A.E. Hajek. 2004. Efficacy of fiber bands impregnated with Beauveria brongniartii cultures against the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Biol. Contr. 31: 320-328.
110. Hajek, A.E., N.W. Siegert, M.M. Wheeler, and D.G. McCullough. 2004. Using bioassays to predict abundance of Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores in soil. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 86: 61-64.
109. Delalibera Jr., I., R.A. Humber, and A.E. Hajek. 2004. Preservation of in vitro cultures of the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites tanajoae. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 579-586.
108. Delalibera Jr., I., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 2004. Neozygites tanajoae sp. nov., a pathogen of the cassava green mite. Mycologia 96: 1002-1009.
107. Hajek, A.E., J.S. Strazanac, M.M Wheeler, F. Vermeylen, and L. Butler. 2004. Persistence of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga and its impact on native Lymantriidae. Biol. Contr. 30: 466-471.
106. Dubois, T., A.E. Hajek, H. Jiafu, and Z. Li. 2004. Evaluating the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi against the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), by using cages in the field. Environ. Entomol. 33: 62-74.
105. Hokkanen, H.M.T., and A.E. Hajek (editors). 2003. Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL. 269 pp.
104. Delalibera Jr., I., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 2003. Use of cell culture media for cultivation of the mite pathogenic fungi Neozygites tanajoae and Neozygites floridana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 84: 119-127.
103. Nielsen, C., A.E. Hajek, R.A. Humber, J. Bresciani, and J. Eilenberg. 2003. Soil as an environment for winter survival of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales. Biological Control 28: 92-100.
102. Hajek, A.E., A.B. Jensen, L. Thomsen, K.T. Hodge, and J. Eilenberg. 2003. Using PCR-RFLP to investigate relations among species in the entomopathogenic genera Eryniopsis and Entomophaga. Mycologia 95: 262-268.
101. Hajek, A.E., and C.C. Eastburn. 2003. Attachment and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga conidia on host and non-host larval cuticle. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 82: 12-22.
100. Filotas, M.J.F., A.E.Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 2003. Prevalence and biology of Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in populations of the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Can. Entomol. 135: 359-378.
99. Hajek, A.E., I. Delalibera Jr., and L. Butler. 2003. Entomopathogenic fungi as classical biological control agents, pp. 15-34. In (H.M.T. Hokkanen & A.E. Hajek, Eds.) Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL.
98. Lopez Lastra, C.C., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 2002. Comparing methods for preservation of cultures of entomopathogenic fungi. Can. J. Bot. 80: 1126-1130.
97. Hajek, A.E., M.J. Filotas, D.C. Ewing. 2002. Formation of appressoria by two species of lepidopteran-pathogenic Entomophthorales. Can. J. Bot. 80: 220-225.
96. Hajek, A.E., C.C. Eastburn, C.I. Davis, and F. Vermeylen. 2002. Deposition and germination of conidia of the entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga infecting gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 79: 37-43.
95. Hajek, A.E. 2002. Biological control of insects and mites, pp. 57-60. In (D. Pimentel, Ed.) Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Marcel Dekker, NY [Invited review].
94. Lopez Lastra, C.C., D.M. Gibson, and A.E. Hajek. 2001. Survival and differential development of Entomophaga maimaiga and Entomophaga aulicae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in Lymantria dispar hemolymph. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 201-209.
93. Klingen, I., A. Hajek, A. Renwick, and R. Meadow. 2002. Effect of brassicaceous plants on the survival and infectivity of insect pathogenic fungi. BioControl 47: 411-425.
92. Dubois, T., A.E. Hajek, and S. Smith. 2002. Methods for rearing the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on artificial diet. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 95: 223-230.
91. Eilenberg, J., A. Hajek, and C. Lomer. 2001. Suggestions for unifying the terminology in biological control. BioControl 46: 387-400.
90. Hajek, A.E., and C.C. Eastburn. 2001. Effect of host insects on activation of Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 290-291.
89. Lopez Lastra, C.C., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 2001. Effects of two cryopreservation techniques on viability and pathogenicity of entomophthoralean fungi. Can. J. Bot. 79: 861-864.
88. Jensen, M.A., J.E. Losey, and A.E. Hajek. 2001. Altered behavior and distribution of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), infected with Pandora neoaphidis (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). BioControl 46: 337-343.
87. Hajek, A.E., M.M. Wheeler, C.C. Eastburn, and L.S. Bauer. 2001. Storage of resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 11: 637-647.
86. Hajek, A.E. 2001. Larval behavior in Lymantria dispar increases risk of fungal infection. Oecologia 126: 285-291.
85. Hajek, A.E., S.P. Wraight, and J.D. Vandenberg. 2001. Control of arthropods using pathogenic fungi, pp. 309-347. In (S.B. Pointing & K.D. Hyde, Eds.) Bio-Exploitation of Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong. [Invited review]
84. Pell, J., D. Steinkraus, J. Eilenberg, and A. Hajek. 2001. Exploring the potential of Entomophthorales in integrated crop management, pp. 71-167. In (T. Butt, C. Jackson, and N. Magan, Eds.) Fungal Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands [Invited review.]
83. Goettel, M.S., A.E. Hajek, J.P. Siegel, and H.C. Evans. 2001. Safety of fungal biocontrol agents, pp. 347-375. In (T. Butt, C. Jackson, and N. Magan, Eds.) Fungal Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands [Invited review.]
82. Goettel, M.S., and A.E. Hajek. 2001. Evaluation of non-target effects of pathogens used for management of arthropods, pp. 81-97. In (E. Wajnberg, J.K. Scott & P.C. Quimby, Eds.) Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control. CABI Publ., Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
81. Pilarska, D., M. McManus, A.E. Hajek, F. Hérard, F.E. Vega, P. Pilarska, and G. Markova. 2000. Introduction of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Hum., Shim. & Sop. (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) to a Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) population in Bulgaria. Anz. Schadlingsk. 73: 125-126.
80. Hajek, A.E., L. Butler, J.K. Liebherr, and M.M. Wheeler. 2000. Risk of infection by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga among Lepidoptera on the forest floor. Environ. Entomol. 29: 645-650.
79. Hajek, A.E., M. Shimazu, and B. Knoblauch. 2000. Isolating Entomophaga maimaiga using resting spore-bearing soil. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 75: 298-300.
78. Kogan, P.H., and A.E. Hajek. 2000. Formation of azygospores by the insect pathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in cell culture. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 75: 193-201.
77. Hajek, A.E., and L. Butler. 2000. Predicting the host range of entomopathogenic fungi, pp. 263-276. In (P.A. Follett & J.J. Duan, Eds.) Non-target Effects of Biological Control. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands [Invited review.]
76. Hajek, A.E., I. Delalibera Jr., and M.L. McManus. 2000. Introduction of exotic pathogens and documentation of their establishment and impact, pp. 339-369. In (L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, Eds.) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands [Invited review.].
75. Hajek, A.E., and M.S. Goettel. 2000. Guidelines for evaluating effects of entomopathogens on non-target organisms, pp. 847-868. In (L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, Eds.) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands [Invited review.].
74. Hajek, A.E. 2000. Principles of Insect Pathology (1998) by D.G. Boucias & J.C. Pendland. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 97: 235. [Invited]
73. Dahlsten, D.L., R.L. Zuparko, A.E. Hajek, D.L. Rowney, and S.H. Dreistadt. 1999. Long term sampling of Eucallipterus tiliae (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidiae) and associated natural enemies in a northern California site. Environ. Entomol.28: 845-850.
72. Hajek, A.E., C. Olsen, and J.S. Elkinton. 1999. Dynamics of airborne conidia of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). Biol. Contr. 16: 111-117.
71. Hajek, A.E., and R.E. Webb. 1999. Inoculative augmentation of the fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga as a homeowner tactic to control gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Biol. Contr. 14: 11-18.
70. Malakar, R., J.S. Elkinton, A.E. Hajek, and J.P. Burand. 1999. Within-host interactions of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) and Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 73: 91-100.
69. Hajek, A.E. 1999. Pathology and epizootiology of the lepidoptera-specific mycopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga. Microbiol. & Molecul. Biol. Rev. 63: 814-835 [Invited review.]
68. Bidochka, M.J., and A.E. Hajek. 1998. A non-permissive entomophthoralean fungal infection increases activation of insect prophenoloxidase. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 72: 231-238.
67. Hajek, A.E., L. Bauer, M.L. McManus, and M.M. Wheeler. 1998. Distribution of resting spores of the Lymantria dispar pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in soil and on bark. BioControl 43: 189-200.
66. Hajek, A.E., K.M. Tatman, P.H. Wanner, and M.M. Wheeler. 1998. Location and persistence of cadavers of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, containing Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores. Mycologia 90: 754-760.
65. Dwyer, G., J.S. Elkinton, and A.E. Hajek. 1998. Spatial scale and the spread of a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth. Amer. Nat. 152: 485-494.
64. Hajek, A.E., J.S. Elkinton, and R.A. Humber. 1997. Entomopathogenic hyphomycetes associated with gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae. Mycologia 89: 825-829.
63. Hajek, A.E., and R.A. Humber. 1997. Formation and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores. Can. J. Bot. 75: 1739-1747.
62. Hajek, A.E. 1997. Ecology of terrestrial fungal entomopathogens. Adv. Micro. Ecol. 15: 193-249. [Invited review.]
61. Papierok, B., and A.E. Hajek. 1997. Entomophthorales, pp. 187-212. In Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (ed. L. A. Lacey), Academic Press, London. [Invited review.]
60. Hajek, A.E. 1997. Fungal and viral epizootics in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in central New York. Biol. Contr. 10: 58-68.
59. Hajek, A.E. 1997. Entomophaga maimaiga reproductive output is determined by spore type initiating an infection. Mycol. Res. 101: 971-974.
58. Bidochka, M.J., and A.E. Hajek. 1996. Protoplast plasma membrane glycoproteins in two species of entomophthoralean fungi. Mycol. Res. 100: 1094-1098.
57. Hajek, A.E., S.R.A. Walsh, J.C. Silver, and D.R. Strong. 1996. A disjunct Californian strain of Entomophaga aulicae infecting Orygia vetusta. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 68: 260-268. [First two authors jointly contributed to this manuscript].
56. Hajek, A.E., J.S. Elkinton, and J.J. Witcosky. 1996. Introduction and spread of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga along the leading edge of gypsy moth spread. Environ. Entomol. 25: 1235-1247.
55. Butt, T.A., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 1996. Gypsy moth immune defenses in response to hyphal bodies and natural protoplasts of entomophthoralean fungi. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 68: 278-285.
54. Hajek, A. E., Butler, L., Walsh, S. R. A., Silver, J. C., Hain, F. P., Hastings, F. L., ODell, T. M., and Smitley, D. R. 1996. Host range of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in the field versus laboratory, Environ. Entomol. [Forum] 25: 709-721.
53. Hajek, A.E., and M. Shimazu. 1996. Types of spores produced by Entomophaga maimaiga infecting the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. Can. J. Bot. 74: 708-715.
52. Smitley, D.R., L.S. Bauer, A.E. Hajek, F. J. Sapio, and R.A. Humber. 1995. Introduction and establishment of Entomophaga maimaiga, a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Michigan. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1685-1645.
51. Hajek, A.E., K.T. Hodge, J.K. Liebherr, W.H. Day, and J.D. Vandenberg. 1995. Use of RAPD analysis to trace the origin of the weevil pathogen Zoophthora phytonomi in North America. Mycol. Res. 100: 349-355.
50. Hajek, A.E., M. Shimazu, and R.A. Humber. 1995. Instability in pathogenicity of Entomophaga maimaiga after long-term cryopreservation. Mycologia 87: 483-489.
49. Hajek, A.E., J.A.A. Renwick, and D.W. Roberts. 1995. Effects of larval host plant on the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. Environ. Entomol. 24: 1307-1314.
48. Hajek, A.E., L. Butler, and M.M. Wheeler. 1995. Laboratory bioassays testing the host range of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga. Biol. Cont. 5: 530-544.
47. Hajek, A.E., R.A. Humber, and J.S. Elkinton. 1995. The mysterious origin of Entomophaga maimaiga in North America. Am. Entomol. 41: 31-42.
46. Hajek, A.E. and M.M. Wheeler. 1994. Application of techniques for quantification of soil-borne entomophthoralean resting spores. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 64: 71-73.
45. Butt, T.M., A.E. Hajek, and R.A. Humber. 1994. The effect of temperature on growth and survival of protoplasts of the gypsy moth pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 64: 74-75.
44. Hajek, A.E. and R.J. St. Leger. 1994. Interactions between fungal pathogens and insect hosts. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39: 293-322. [Invited review.]
43. Hajek, A.E. 1994. The World of Nematodes (1991) by D.R. Viglierchio. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 102: 124-125. [Invited]
42. Hajek, A.E. 1994. Insect Pathology (1993) by Y. Tanada & H.K. Kaya. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 102: 283-285. [Invited]
41. Hajek, A.E., P.E. Nelson, R.A. Humber, and J.L. Perry. 1993. Two Fusarium species pathogenic to gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Mycologia 85: 937-940.
40. Hajek, A.E., T.S. Larkin, R.I. Carruthers, and R.S. Soper. 1993. Modeling the dynamics of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) epizootics in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations. Environ. Entomol. 22: 1172-1187.
39. Hajek, A.E. and J.A.A. Renwick. 1993. Incorporation of Quercus rubra foliage into artificial diets alters development of a fungal pathogen of Lymantria dispar. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 68: 265-267.
38. Hajek, A.E. 1993. New options for insect control using fungi. In Pest management: Biologically based technologies, pp. 54-62. R.D. Lumsden and J.L. Vaughn, eds. American Chemical Society. [Invited review.]
37. Hajek, A.E. and D.W. Roberts. 1992. Field diagnosis of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larval mortality caused by Entomophaga maimaiga and the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Environ. Entomol. 21: 706-713.
36. Hajek, A.E., and R.S. Soper. 1992. Temporal dynamics of Entomophaga maimaiga after death of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larval hosts. Environ. Entomol. 21: 129-135.
35. Roberts, D.W. and A.E. Hajek. 1992. Entomopathogenic fungi as bioinsecticides, pp. 144-159. In Frontiers in Industrial Mycology. G.F. Leatham, ed. Chapman & Hill, NY. [Invited review.]
34. St. Leger, R.J., A.E. Hajek, R.C. Staples, and D.W. Roberts. 1992. Fungi for the biocontrol of insects: Tools and trends, pp. 45-63. In Molecular Biology of Filamentous Fungi. Stahl, U. and Tudzynski, P., eds. Verlag Chemie, Berlin. [Invited review.]
33. Elkinton, J.S., A.E. Hajek, G.H. Boettner, and E.E. Simons. 1991. Distribution and apparent spread of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) populations in North America. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1601-1605.
32. Hajek, A.E., R.A. Humber, S.R.A. Walsh, and J.C. Silver. 1991. Sympatric occurrence of two Entomophaga aulicae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) complex species attacking forest Lepidoptera. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58: 373-380.
31. Hajek, A.E., and R.S. Soper. 1991. Within-tree location of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larvae killed by Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58: 468-469.
30. Hajek, A.E., and D.W. Roberts. 1991. Pathogen reservoirs as a biological control resource: Introduction of Entomophaga maimaiga to North American gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, populations. Biol. Contr. 1: 29-34.
29. Hajek, A.E., T.M. Butt, L.I. Strelow, and S.M. Gray. 1991. Detection of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58: 1-9.
28. Dahlsten, D.L., A.E. Hajek, and M. Wilson. 1990. Host specificity of two shade tree aphid parasitoids. Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 66: 322-323.
27. Hajek, A.E., R.A. Humber, J.S. Elkinton, B. May, S.R.A. Walsh, and J.C. Silver. 1990. Allozyme and RFLP analyses confirm Entomophaga maimaiga responsible for 1989 epizootics in North American gypsy moth populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87: 6979-6982.
26. Hajek, A.E., R.A. Humber, and M.H. Griggs. 1990. Decline in virulence of Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) with repeated in vitro subculture. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 56: 91-97.
25. Hajek, A.E., R.I. Carruthers, and R.S. Soper. 1990. Temperature and moisture relations of sporulation and germination by Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), a fungal pathogen of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ. Entomol. 19: 85-90
24. Liebherr, J.K., and A.E. Hajek. 1990. A cladistic test of the taxon cycle and taxon pulse hypotheses. Cladistics 6: 39-59.
23. Hajek, A.E. 1989. Effects of switching gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), larvae between artificial diet and Quercus rubra foliage. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 51: 141-148.
22. Hajek, A.E. 1989. Food consumption of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae infected with Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). Environ. Entomol. 18: 723-727.
21. Anderson, T.E., A.E. Hajek, D.W. Roberts, H.K. Preisler, and J.L. Robertson. 1989. Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Effects of combinations of Beauveria bassiana with insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 82: 83-89.
20. Ramoska, W.A., A.E. Hajek, M.E. Ramos, and R.S. Soper. 1988. Infection of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 52: 309-313.
19. Li, Z., R.S. Soper, and A.E. Hajek. 1988. A method for detecting resting spores of Entomophthorales (Zygomycetes) in soil. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 52: 18-26.
18. Soper, R.S., M. Shimazu, R.A. Humber, M.E. Ramos, and A.E. Hajek. 1988. Isolation and characterization of Entomophaga maimaiga sp. nov., a fungal pathogen of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, from Japan. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 51: 229-241.
17. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1988. Distribution and dynamics of aphid (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidae) populations on Betula pendula in northern California. Hilgardia 56: 1-33.
16. Hajek, A.E., R.S. Soper, D.W. Roberts, T.E. Anderson, K.D. Biever, D.N. Ferro, R.A. LeBrun, and R.H. Storch. 1987. Foliar applications of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin for control of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): An overview of pilot test results from the northern United States. Can. Entomol. 119: 959-974.
15. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1987. Exotic aphids on ornamental birch in northern California. Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 63: 319-323.
14. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1987. Behavioral interactions between three birch aphid species and Adalia bipunctata larvae. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 45: 81-87.
13. Hajek, A.E. 1987. Aphid Ecology (1985) by A.F.G. Dixon. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 95: 120. [Invited]
12. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1986. Discriminating patterns of variation in aphid distribution on Betula pendula. Environ. Entomol. 15: 1145-1148.
11. Hajek, A.E. 1986. Aphid host preference used to detect a previously unrecognized birch species in California. Environ. Entomol. 15: 771-774.
10. Hajek, A.E. 1986. New North American records of European parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the linden aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 94: 443-446.
9. Liebherr, J.K., and A.E. Hajek. 1986. Geographic variation in flight wing configuration and body size in the tule beetle, Tanystoma maculicolle (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 62: 13-24.
8. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1986. Coexistence of three species of leaf-feeding aphids (Homoptera) on Betula pendula. Oecologia 68: 380-386.
7. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1986. Regulation of aphids on European white birch in northern California by natural enemies. pp. 391-396. In Hodek, I. (Ed.). Ecology of Aphidophaga II, Academia, Prague & Junk, Dordrecht.
6. Hajek, A.E. 1985. Callipterinella minutissima (Stroyan), an aphid living in birch catkins. J. Nat. Hist. 19: 623-626.
5. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1985. Factors influencing the mortality of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in elm branches in California. Can. Entomol. 117: 819-828.
4. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1985. Insect and mite associates of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in California. Can. Entomol. 117: 409-421.
3. Dahlsten, D.L., A.E. Hajek, D.J. Clair, S.H. Dreistadt, D.L. Rowney, and V.R. Lewis. 1985. Pest management in the urban forest. Calif. Agric. 39: 21-22.
2. Hajek, A.E., and D.L. Dahlsten. 1981. First California record for Dendrosoter protuberans (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 57: 504-505.
1. Zambrano, D., W.C. Clark, M. Sage, A. Hajek, and H.A. Bern. 1974. Influence of medium concentration on prolactin and growth hormone cells during short-term incubation of pituitary glands from Tilapia mossambica. Acta Zool. 55: 205-216.
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